Core Responsibilities of TCP in Data Communication TCP ensures full duplex communication, allowing simultaneous data transfer between sender and receiver. It operates as a connection-oriented protocol using a three-phase process: establishing the connection via three-way handshake, transferring data reliably with acknowledgments and sequence numbers, and terminating the session after completion. Reliability is achieved through retransmissions for unacknowledged segments.
Advanced Features Ensuring Efficient Transmission TCP facilitates process-to-process communication by utilizing port numbers to connect specific processes on different hosts (e.g., SMTP uses port 25). Stream delivery enables continuous byte transmission stored temporarily in buffers at both ends. Large messages are divided into smaller segments with headers before being sent to lower layers for efficient handling. Flow control mechanisms prevent segment loss due to mismatched sending/receiving speeds while error control detects issues during transmission ensuring guaranteed delivery of all transmitted data.