Industrial Relations (IR) MCQs for NTA UGC-NET (Paper Code: 55) & PSU MT-HR Exams.

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Industrial relations encompass the roles and interactions between management, unions, and government in fostering economic development. It includes mechanisms like collective bargaining and machinery for resolving industrial disputes. However, it does not directly cover broader aspects such as overall economic development.

The presence of multiple unions within a single plant fosters rivalry, as allowed by law. This legal provision enables competition among unions, potentially leading to union rivalries or socialism-oriented unionism. The dynamics created by this system can significantly influence workplace relations and organizational structures.

The first organized trade union in India was established in the year 1918. It marked a significant milestone for labor rights and collective bargaining within the country. Among various options, it is identified as the Madras Labor Union.

The employer's association emerged in 1980 following the establishment of the Madras Labor Union. After World War I, international labor organization efforts led to forming significant entities like the International Labour Organization (ILO) in 1919.

The ultimate solution for resolving industrial disputes involves the intervention of a third party appointed by the government. This process, known as conciliation, aims to mediate and settle conflicts effectively between disputing parties in an industry.

A trade union is a continuous association of wage earners aimed at maintaining or improving their working conditions. This definition, provided by Sydney and Beatrice Webb, emphasizes the collective effort to enhance workers' lives. Collective bargaining within unions involves discussions, compromises, negotiations but excludes confrontations as an essential aspect.

Methods and Structures of Workers' Participation in Management Workers can participate in management through various methods, including bonding modes, participation levels, joint councils or committees. All these options are valid ways for workers to engage with decision-making processes within organizations. Additionally, consultative bodies like work committees comprising 100 or more members aim to enhance worker involvement.

Historical Foundation of AITUC The All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) was established on October 31st, 1920 under the presidency of Lala Lajpat Rai. This national-level federation was founded by key figures aiming to unify labor efforts across industries during that period.

The term 'lockout' under the Industrial Dispute Act of 1947 refers to an employer's temporary closure, suspension of work, or refusal to employ workers. This action is typically taken during disputes between employers and employees. Additionally, strikes are identified as a powerful tool used by trade unions and labor associations to push for their demands.

The discussion centers on the types of societies where labor associations emerge and expand. It examines various philosophical approaches, including Marxist perspectives, to understand how these organizations function within different societal structures. The focus is on identifying the conditions that enable or constrain their development.

Industrial relations are defined as the complex interrelations among workers, managers, and their functions. This definition was provided by Professor John Dunlop. It emphasizes the interconnected roles within an industrial setting.

Mental and Emotional Involvement in Group Dynamics The concept refers to the mental and emotional engagement of an individual within a group setting, motivating them to contribute towards shared goals and responsibilities. This involvement fosters active participation in management processes, emphasizing collaboration for achieving collective objectives.

Resolving Disputes Through Government Intervention When conciliation efforts fail to resolve disputes, governments may establish courts of inquiry as investigative bodies. These inquiries aim at addressing unresolved conflicts by examining issues thoroughly before reaching resolutions.

Heavy Industry Prioritization During Economic Planning In India's second five-year plan, heavy industry was given top priority. This strategic focus aimed at strengthening industrial infrastructure as part of broader economic development initiatives during that period.

A tripartite body is formed by members representing the central government, trade union federations, and employers' organizations. This structure ensures balanced representation of key stakeholders in decision-making processes related to labor and industry matters.

The concept of one party gaining at the expense of another is identified as distributive bargaining, a type where resources are divided in a win-lose manner. This contrasts with other forms like integrative or centralized bargaining. Additionally, the trusteeship theory of trade unions was advocated by M.K. Gandhi.

The Trusteeship theory of trade union was advocated by Mahatma Gandhi. This concept emphasizes the moral responsibility and ethical conduct in labor relations, promoting harmony between employers and employees. It suggests that industrialists act as trustees for their workers' welfare rather than mere profit-seekers.