Introduction to Biotechnology Biotechnology is an emerging field combining biology and technology, offering alternatives for those in medical fields who don't wish to become doctors. It has revolutionized areas like vaccine development, as seen with COVID-19 immunity. Defined by the European Federation of Biotechnology, it integrates natural sciences and molecular analogs for products and services.
Traditional vs Modern Biotechnology Traditional biotechnology includes processes like curd or alcohol fermentation at home using microorganisms naturally. Modern biotechnology advances these methods industrially under controlled conditions ensuring quality production on a larger scale while maintaining similar principles.
Principles of Genetic Engineering The two main principles are genetic engineering (manipulating DNA) and sterile culture maintenance (avoiding contamination). Genetic engineering involves cutting DNA with restriction enzymes, forming recombinant DNA which is introduced into hosts to produce desired products such as insulin through gene cloning techniques.
Gene Cloning Process Explained 'Gene cloning' multiplies specific genes by isolating them from cells using restriction enzymes before inserting them into vectors that carry the gene into host organisms like E.coli where they replicate during bacterial multiplication producing numerous copies efficiently.