L-1.1: Introduction to Operating System and its Functions with English Subtitles

Operating system serves as a crucial interface between users and hardware components like CPU, input/output devices, RAM, and hard disk. It acts as a system software facilitating user-hardware interaction by providing a seamless interface. Users access the hardware indirectly through the operating system's intermediary role.

Significance of Operating System The need for an operating system arises from the complexity of directly accessing hardware without it. Without an OS, users would have to write programs repeatedly to interact with different devices, leading to inefficiency and complexity in managing hardware resources.

Evolution of Operating Systems Operating systems serve as interfaces between users and hardware, simplifying access and providing convenience. Windows gained popularity due to its focus on user convenience by streamlining hardware accessibility. As technology advances and time becomes more valuable, the role of operating systems evolves to address complex system problems efficiently.

Throughput refers to the number of tasks executed per unit time, indicating how fast a problem can be solved. Higher throughput means more tasks completed in a given time frame. Operating systems like Linux prioritize high throughput and convenience, with Linux gaining popularity due to its increased efficiency over the years.

Key Functionalities of Operating System: Resource & Storage Management Operating systems provide key functionalities such as resource management, which includes managing hardware resources like CPU and RAM efficiently. This is especially crucial in parallel processing environments with multiple users accessing a system. Storage management involves organizing data on secondary devices like hard disks through file systems like NIFS and CFS.

Process & Memory Management Essentials Process management in operating systems entails executing processes using CPU scheduling algorithms to ensure efficient task execution. Memory management focuses on allocating and deallocating memory space in the limited RAM, preventing process bottlenecks by swapping out completed tasks for new ones effectively.

Security Features & User Interface Security and privacy are vital aspects provided by operating systems through password authentication mechanisms and secure protocols like Kerberos. Additionally, the OS acts as an interface between user applications and hardware components, facilitating seamless interaction via commands or graphical interfaces while utilizing system calls for essential operations.