Understanding GTDs Gestational Trophoblastic Diseases (GTDs) are caused by abnormal proliferation of villi during pregnancy, leading to benign or malignant conditions. Differentiated GTDs include vesicular mole and invasive mole, while undifferentiated forms include choriocarcinoma placental side tumor or epithelioid tumor.
Vesicular Mole: Benign Condition Vesicular mole is a rare cause of bleeding in early pregnancy, characterized by abnormal proliferation of villi without fetal tissue formation. It can be complete (only containing villi) or partial (villi with fetal tissue), often mistaken for early abortion due to chromosomal anomalies.
Diagnosis and Symptoms Diagnosing vesicular mole involves high HCG levels exceeding normal pregnancy levels, causing symptoms such as brown juicy vaginal discharge and an enlarged soft uterus. The main complaint is early bleeding in pregnant women.
Risk Factors & Investigations Risk factors for molar pregnancies include extremes of age and vitamin A deficiency; investigations involve confirming the diagnosis through ultrasound showing snowstorm appearance in the uterus along with elevated HCG levels.
Management Approach The management approach includes suction evacuation treatment under prostaglandin cover if necessary. Follow-up monitoring focuses on decreasing HCG levels until negative results are achieved.