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How computer memory works - Kanawat Senanan

Binary Foundations: Bits and Rapid Processing Computer memory echoes human recollection by organizing all data into bits, the fundamental units 0 and 1 stored in individual cells. Files and programs form from millions of these cells and are swiftly manipulated by the CPU. Short-term memory, including dynamic RAM that needs frequent refreshing and fast static RAM in caches, powers immediate task execution while balancing size, cost, and speed.

Enduring Data: Challenges in Long-Term Storage Data retention beyond power cycles relies on long-term storage devices that record bits permanently. Magnetic storage uses spinning discs with magnetic patterns and optical media employs laser-readable dye, both lagging in speed due to mechanical motion. Solid-state drives, built from floating gate transistors, achieve higher speeds yet encounter issues like charge leakage and wear, prompting efforts to enhance durability with quantum-level materials.