Pelton Wheel Turbine Construction and Working [Impulse Turbine] Thermal Engineering | Shubham Kola

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The Pelton wheel turbine is a type of impulse turbine designed for high head water applications. It operates by converting the kinetic energy of water jets into mechanical energy, utilizing spoon-shaped buckets attached to its rim. As water strikes these buckets, it causes the wheel to spin and generate power efficiently at various flow rates. This design allows for effective operation in mountainous regions where steep drops create significant pressure differences.

Impulse turbines, such as the Pelton wheel turbine, are crucial in hydro power plants for electricity generation. They operate by converting kinetic energy from water jets released through nozzles into rotational energy. This rotation drives a generator to produce electricity efficiently.

The Pelton Wheel Turbine operates with a reservoir positioned at a higher elevation, allowing gravitational force to drive water downwards. Water is conveyed through a penstock, which functions like a pipe connecting the reservoir to the turbine's nozzle. This setup enables efficient energy conversion as high-velocity jets of water strike the turbine blades.

The Pelton Wheel Turbine operates by directing water through a fixed nozzle that strikes bucket-shaped blades, enhancing performance with double cups and splitters. The buckets are positioned on the periphery of a circular runner attached to a rotating shaft, known as the rotor. As water jets hit these blades tangentially, they cause the runner to rotate due to momentum change, converting kinetic energy into rotational energy for electricity generation via a generator. A conical spear regulates water flow in and out of the nozzle while braking jets help gradually stop blade rotation when needed.