Biochemistry and Biomolecules Biochemistry studies the chemical composition, structure, and changes in living organisms. Biomolecules like carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are essential for growth and maintenance of life. Cells form tissues that build organs; they contain water (70%) as their most abundant substance along with carbon compounds.
Carbohydrates: Types and Functions Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones classified into monosaccharides (e.g., glucose), oligosaccharides (e.g., sucrose), or polysaccharides (e.g., starch). Glucose is a key energy source found in fruits while fructose exists naturally in honey. Disaccharides like lactose provide nutrients whereas polysaccharides such as glycogen store energy.
Proteins: Structure to Functionality Proteins consist of amino acid chains performing structural roles or catalyzing reactions via enzymes. They have primary to quaternary structures determining functionality—fibrous types offer support while globular ones regulate processes like metabolism through hormones such as insulin.
Vitamins' Role in Health Maintenance 'Fat-soluble vitamins A,D,E,K aid vision & bone health; water-soluble B-complex supports nervous system functions alongside Vitamin C enhancing immunity.' Deficiencies lead diseases from scurvy(Vitamin-C)to rickets(D-Vita)