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Hydrogen bonding | chapter 4| 9th Chemistry | lec 7

Hydrogen bonding is the attractive force between a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative element, such as nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine, and a nearby electronegative atom carrying a partial negative charge. Electronegativity, the ability of an atom to attract electrons, causes the formation of permanent partial charges in polar molecules. The resulting hydrogen bonds, enhanced by the small size and high polarity of hydrogen, are a distinct type of intermolecular force that governs molecular interactions.