The Harappan civilization was discovered in 1921 and is notable for its advanced urban planning surpassing Sumer and Elam. Agriculture formed the backbone of their economy despite external trade supporting urban centers; crops like barley and wheat were extensively cultivated. Gujarat holds the largest number of Harappan settlements post-India's partition, with Lothal being a significant site featuring an artificial dockyard on River Bhagav’s bank. Mohenjo-daro showcased impressive drainage systems made from mortar, lime, gypsum covered by brick slabs ensuring sanitation excellence. The term "India" originates from Persian while Mesopotamians referred to Indus Valley people as 'Maluha'; artifacts such as seals (e.g., bull seal), pottery predominantly red-colored have been found across sites.