The East India Company sought to expand its trade in Bengal but faced opposition from Nawab Suraj ud-Daula, who imposed high fees and restricted their activities. Tensions escalated as the company attempted to replace him with a puppet ruler, leading Suraj ud-Daula to retaliate by cutting off supplies and taking control of key locations like Qasim Bazaar and Calcutta Fort. In response, Robert Clive led armed forces from Madras against the Nawab's troops. The pivotal moment came when Mir Jafar, one of Suraj ud-Daula’s commanders, betrayed him during the battle at Plassey in 1757. This betrayal facilitated Clive's victory over the Nawab, marking a significant turning point for British power in India.