The Early Golden Age of the Netherlands (1588-1647) | East India Trade Campaign

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Unique Historical Lecture The lecture will cover historical topics in a unique way, including the Tudors and Dutch influence on fashion. The speaker plans to create a large stream about the Tudors and also wants to discuss Holland and religious wars in France.

Influence of Dutch Culture The speaker is wearing typical European male clothing from the time of the Tudors, influenced by Dutch fashion. The Netherlands revolutionized clothing styles, as well as perceptions of wealth, time, human existence, and spiritual life. The lighting effect used is called Rembrandt lighting.

Love is the main force that drives the stars and celestial bodies. It's much more than just a process of reproduction, and it can be added to anything. Even though I disagree with you on almost everything, as Mikhailov said, I might be going down the wrong path.

The excitement around Nadezhda is due to the anticipation of Sai Mili's response. People are queuing up for her autographs, and there is a desire to end the war.

Wearing Historical Clothing: Insights and Challenges The speaker discusses the concept of wearing historical clothing, particularly doublets, and shares insights on how to care for them. He also highlights the challenges and experiences of living in a different time period's attire.

Historical Evolution of Doublets The history of doublets is explored from their military origins in the 15th century to becoming a symbol of success by the late 16th century. The influence of France and Holland led to widespread adoption across Europe, which will be further discussed in its historical context.

Today's lecture is about the cultural influence of Holland, which cannot be denied. The Golden Age of Holland is divided into two golden ages: one for culture and one for history. The early period starts from the establishment of the Republic in 588 AD to 1647 when they declared independence from Philip, while the second period marks a century as a major Anglophone republic in Europe.

The northern states remained under Spanish rule during tense years of 1585-1587. The north was more developed and capitalist, while the south was predominantly Catholic and feudal. This led to a conflict between two centers of power, with major influence from other European powers seeking control over the Netherlands.

The support of England was crucial for the Netherlands against Spain. Elizabeth played a key role by sending troops to aid the Dutch in their war with Spain.

Robert Dudley's Mission Robert Dudley was sent on a mission to shift the power in Holland and create an English Republic. He aimed to make the Dutch states vassals of Queen Elizabeth I by exchanging help with Britain.

Dudley's Strategy and Opposition Dudley, known for his extravagant attire, sought to defend England against the Spanish Armada. He faced opposition from aristocrats who supported creating an English alliance but encountered resistance from local populations in Holland.

The Dutch Resistance The soldiers of Lester resisted the Spanish forces, and their resistance influenced the future development of Holland's economy. The unexpected turn in Spain's direction impacted France and led to a unique economic precedent for Holland.

Philip's Fear and Henry IV Philip feared losing Paris to Protestant influence, which would weaken his position against France and Holland. Historians speculate that if Philip had supported William (Vil), Spain could have dominated Netherlands without much effort, altering England’s fate as well.

Impact on Europe 'Lester' became openly hated due to his rejection by all layers of society. His downfall weakened internal struggles but couldn't be sustained despite partial Spanish troop withdrawal.'

Rol Yokhana van Oldenbarnevelta went from the brink of defeat as the Duke of Parma's army was about to triumph, to uniting friends. He was a remarkable man with a long family name and played a crucial role in governing the state.

Former lawyer of the United States, Olden Barnevelder, gave impetus to national construction. While others were only talking about scandals and robberies in Holland, he envisioned a difficult picture where your country is fighting against the largest army on Earth. Foreign forces are present in your territory and need to be dealt with by lawyers from Utrecht.

In 1589, a proposal for the union of the northern states against particularism emerged in Amsterdam and East Friesland. This resolved disagreements that had prevented the Northern States from uniting, granting them equal votes in the electoral parliament.

Strategic Positioning The speaker strategically positioned himself as rational and influential, gaining the support of his friends. He resolved political conflicts with England by taking desperate measures to understand their military forces in order to counteract potential invasion.

Diplomatic Maneuvers Through diplomatic maneuvers, the speaker leveraged a critical situation involving English intervention. The Dutch Republic was on the brink of danger but managed to mobilize its fleet for defense against England's army, thanks to strategic advice from Olden Barnevelder.

Lester left after realizing that he couldn't continue following orders. He was pushed out because there were no more opportunities for him to collect taxes, and it wasn't necessary to gather approximately 600, 500, or 300 soldiers who were still under consideration.

The northern states formed a state that had to be supported by the Netherlands. Gradually, with the decrease in power of the State Council, the activities of General States expanded. The oil boycott lasted for almost 3 years before it was reintroduced into these states in 1587.

Spain continued to expand as France was occupied. This marked the beginning of the Golden Age, with Holland flourishing and foreign invaders being expelled.

The General States were very active and constituted a permanent authority in Europe. They convened frequently, twice a day, from 9 am to 12 pm for the first session and from 4 pm to 7 pm for the second session. Their meetings took place every day except Sundays.

People also work on Sundays, and that's very important. I used to not pay attention to the time before; it wasn't part of my daily routine or in any documents. We usually meet at dawn with the first rays of sunlight and during a full moon.

The slow urbanization in the provinces led to a significant increase in city population. This process was unique and surprising, as people started living in cities due to better diet and nutrition.

Feudalism was abolished in the republic, and no one of noble birth was included in the government. After Robert Dadli Lester's exile, no aristocrat took over governance of Holland. The Dutch parliament had a beautiful building with a square table where they gathered to discuss matters.

Yokhan was a key figure in Dutch politics, controlling diplomatic correspondence and representing Holland. Despite not being an official member of the council, he held significant influence as the chief representative of Holland.

Robert Dadli's Return Robert Dudley is participating in the election of a lawyer with ulterior motives. His attire and connections to influential figures indicate his political ambitions. The upcoming elections are significant for both England and the Netherlands, as they mark the first bourgeois elections in Europe.

The Role of an Advocate The advocate plays a crucial role not only in defending individuals but also safeguarding state interests. In Dutch understanding, an advocate is considered as a protector of the state rather than just an individual defender. These concepts are particularly relevant during pre-election campaigns for positions such as that of Holland's advocate.

Dutch Lawyer Election Slogans The election slogans for the title of Dutch lawyer led to a heated debate. The use of printed materials, like pamphlets and electoral programs, played a significant role in the campaign. Olden Barnevelder's pamphlet appealed to free citizens and criticized English lawyers.

Controversy and Scandal Olden Barnevelder became embroiled in scandal and controversy during the election process. His life ended tragically after being involved in legal proceedings within his own community court system.

Oldenbarnevelt did not win by friends, he sabotaged the company and bribed some delegates. He cunningly withdrew his candidacy and instead promoted someone else to maintain control.

The period of strengthening the republic lasted from 1588 to 1590. Despite military failures, the republic overcame internal difficulties, united northern provinces, and found a leader in Johan Oldenbarnevelt. He chose The Hague as his city due to its appeal and established it as the capital instead of Amsterdam.

The Republic becomes a Great Power in 590 AD, pursuing an independent foreign policy. This is depicted in the painting 'Senior Merchant of the Dutch East India Company' by Jacob Meijer, showing high power and beautiful ships representing their greatness at sea.

The economic development of an independent state began with significant improvements in economic conditions and trade from 590 AD. Trade, transportation of goods, and urbanization rapidly developed, leading to the gradual increase in the economic power of the state.

The Netherlands heavily invests in its military industry, increasing the army's size and artillery during peaceful times.

The Dutch army launches a military campaign to conquer extensive territories of five provinces. The war begins with the invasion and capture of marked lands in Holland, leading to an undeclared conflict.

The defensive ring, known as 'Oboronnoe Koltso,' is a set of forts across the southern provinces and territories controlled by King Philipp. The territory is hostile to Spain and surrounded by Dutch fortifications. This defensive strategy anticipates potential German attacks on France through the Benelux countries.

Disciplined Dutch Army The disciplined Dutch army aimed to protect the country by appointing foreign specialists for training, emphasizing civilian priorities and needs. The relationship between the military and civil society in the Netherlands was fundamentally different from militaristic states like Brandenburg-Prussia.

Military Reforms and Tactics Under Hendrik's command, military reforms focused on protecting civilians through stricter discipline, regular payments to soldiers (although not if they died), and a code of conduct for new recruits. Wilhelm Ludwig introduced a technique called 'zalp' based on ancient Roman methods of firing arrows in rapid succession.

Dutch Trade Expansion The Dutch began seeking ways to expand their markets and trade with Russia, leading to the colonization of India. Their focus was on capitalism and market expansion rather than conquest or colonial ambitions.

Competition with England The Netherlands aimed to dominate trade with Russia by expanding their markets at the expense of England, particularly in the Baltic Sea region. This led to conflicts between the two countries as they vied for control over Russian trade routes.

The rivalry between England and Holland was fueled by trade disputes, with Philip of Spain supporting the Dutch against English trade. This led to three wars declared by England against Holland due to economic competition and animosity.

In 707, the power shift from England to Holland led to an extraordinary expansion that transformed the Republic into a leading European trade center for over one and a half centuries. The accumulation of money for maritime warfare in Dutch cities contributed significantly to this economic growth.

Mass Migration to the North The mass migration to the northern states began in a stagnant state until 1590. When Philip II lifted trade restrictions, people flocked to the northern states, making it one of the largest migrations in Western European history.

Population Shift and Impact on Southern Cities Around 1590, over 100,000 refugees migrated within Netherlands with a significant number settling in southern cities. The population decline was drastic; for example, Gent lost nearly half its population by 1589.

Economic Growth and Trade Dominance By attracting wealthy individuals from Flanders and Brabant, capital accumulation shifted towards Holland's advantage by around 1590. Amsterdam became a major hub for luxury goods trading due to massive investments and active commerce with Spain, Portugal, Mediterranean regions as well as America.

The merchants from Hamburg, Lubeck, and London dominated the trade in the North. By 1600, Amsterdam merchants surpassed English traders in Russian trade dominance. They also expanded into Scandinavia and the Mediterranean.

The Decline of Architecture People have stopped investing in architecture due to utilitarianism and the desire for quick profits. The focus has shifted from long-term perspective to immediate gains, leading to a lack of interest in building architectural masterpieces. Instead, there is a preference for luxury villas and palaces built by wealthy individuals and government officials.

Building Sustainable Communities It's important to invest in architecture now as it creates more than just financial benefits - it fosters an independent culture and healthy urban environment. This approach aims at creating cities that support society's well-being rather than just being concrete jungles focused on individual profit.

Spain's retaliation to the Empire Strikes Back was unsuccessful because it came too late, and by then, the Netherlands could not be influenced as it had been 10 years earlier. This led to a strengthening of the Dutch international trade system, with Spain's orders being ignored and its ships sometimes attacked.

The main reasons for the colonization of the Netherlands were: financial support for a growing army, significant population growth from the south, and Philip's trade restrictions that prompted them to seek new markets.

In 1594, the private company N.V.E.R. was formed in Amsterdam by uniting nine elite merchants, including influential figures like Reiner Pau and Henri Khude. This marked the beginning of a significant era for capitalism worldwide.

Dutch East India Company's Naval Power The Dutch East India Company had its own fleet, separate from the state of Holland. The company's private capital allowed it to build and maintain a powerful naval force, giving them significant influence in international trade and warfare.

Creation of International Maritime Law In 1603, just one year after its establishment, the Dutch East India Company decided to create international maritime law. This decision marked a significant step in the company's growing influence and power on the seas.

In 1603, a Dutch warship seized a Portuguese vessel and its valuable cargo. The Dutch East India Company took the ship for themselves, selling the goods in Amsterdam for around 3.5 million guilders.

Legal Dispute Over a Ship Portugal demanded the return of a ship and money from the Netherlands, leading to a legal dispute. Despite being neutral, the Dutch faced protests and initiated court proceedings over this issue.

Accusations Against Portugal The speaker accused Portugal of attacking a peaceful Dutch ship and criticized their actions in pamphlets. The situation was likened to an act that could have sparked World War I but did not escalate into conflict.

Portugal is not a free country. The citizens are oppressed and their freedom is restricted by the leaders who do not respect human rights. Guga Rol justifies taking away all goods from Portugal because it's a toxic totalitarian state.

The concept of 'Mare Liberum' or free sea was introduced, emphasizing the idea that maritime rules should be independent from monarchs and governed by their own laws. This challenged Portugal's dominance in trade and sparked competition with the Netherlands.

The Dutch colonial achievements were significant, particularly in Southeast Asia and the Middle East. Their trade companies dominated the coffee and tea markets with extensive expedition programs.

The Dutch trade in India was accompanied by the proper colonization of new lands. They established an exclusive monopoly on purchasing dark-skinned slaves and trading various spices, including cloves, nutmeg, and cinnamon. Amsterdam's port became the center of this triangular trade.

The initial price for the shares of the company was three guilders each, making it the most democratic company in the world. The British East India Company was for fat rich capitalists, while the Dutch East India Company was for factory workers. The value of these shares increased by 10% every year over a period of 200 years.

Georg von Lits argued that no culture experienced a creative boom without an economic basis. This immense wealth is the value of human life, expressed in art during the Golden Age.

The Dutch architectural style, inspired by ancient designs, is a blend of poetry and architecture. The headquarters of a Dutch company served as the foundation for the flourishing of this specific architectural style. Many people from around the world gathered in the Netherlands, leading to extensive brick construction and an increase in worldly art.

The period of stagnation in the bourgeois republic is about to change. This will be a challenging time for the company due to the Dutch-Spanish war and blockade, leading to a significant loss of cargo ships and increased maritime insurance costs.

The salt shortage from 1620 to 1647 caused chronic scarcity of suitable salt for the fishing industry. The Netherlands managed to obtain some salt through building forts in the West Indies, but it was not enough due to a total blockade and embargo on salt trade.

The decline of Dutch maritime trade in the 17th century led to a prolonged crisis, starting in 1621. Although not as severe as the later depression, it significantly impacted industries such as shipbuilding, refined salt production, sugar refining, and printing. Recovery began only in the 1630s with a focus on agriculture and dairy farming.

The power struggle of the 70s led to a sharp rise after the crisis, with internal confusion and factions dividing Holland. The Stadtholder's court became more luxurious, resembling European courts in 1636.

Tensions with England and the expansion of trade, leading to war.

The Rise of the Golden Age In the late 15th century, a new era begins with a focus on military spending and taking up arms again. The phrase 'striving for prosperity' becomes important in discussing Holland's Golden Age.

The Impact of Holland's Example Holland showed that wealth could be built not by kings or palaces, but by talented and determined individuals. This inspired others to follow suit, leading to revolutions in France and other countries conquering Holland as part of their bourgeois revolution while still adopting its capitalist system.